Apple Mac OS X Server (Administrator’s Guide) - Manual (Page 584)

584 Glossary
I, J, K
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) An organization responsible for
allocating IP addresses, assigning protocol parameters, and managing domain names.
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) A message control and error-reporting
protocol used between host servers and gateways. For example, some Internet software
applications use ICMP to send a packet on a round-trip between two hosts to determine
round-trip times and discover problems on the network.
idle user A user who is connected to the server but hasn’t used the server volume for a
period of time.
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) An Internet protocol used by hosts and
routers to send packets to lists of hosts that want to participate, in a process known as
multicasting. QuickTime Streaming Server (QTSS) uses multicast addressing, as does Service
Location Protocol (SLP).
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) A client-server mail protocol that allows
users to access their mail from anywhere on the Internet. Mail remains on the server until the
user deletes it.
IP (Internet Protocol) A method used with Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to send
data between computers over a local network or the Internet. IP delivers packets of data,
while TCP keeps track of data packets.
ISP (Internet service provider) A business that sells Internet access and often provides
Web hosting for ecommerce applications as well as mail services.
L
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) A standard client-server protocol for
accessing a directory domain.
lease period A limited period of time during which IP addresses are assigned. By using
short leases, DHCP can reassign IP addresses on networks that have more computers than
available IP addresses.
load balancing
The process of distributing the demands by client computers for network
services across multiple servers in order to optimize performance by fully utilizing the
capacity of all available servers.
local domain A directory domain that can be accessed only by the computer on which it
resides.
local home directory
A home directory for a user whose account resides in a local
NetInfo or LDAPv3 directory domain.
long name See user name.
LPR (Line Printer Remote) A standard protocol for printing over TCP/IP.